Renaissance and Reformation

conversion and reformation Test Hu populaceism- Classical texts from the Greek and Roman socialization lead to humanism. Humanism focused on human potential and achievements. great deal stopped worrying about Christian teachings. Influenced finesseists and architects. History, Literature, and Philosophy are liberal arts subjects. Secular- throng became concerned with the here and now Predestination- C all in allings book/doctrine Institutes of the Christian Religion states that everyone is sinful by nature and God has kn bear from the starting line base who he will save. Council of Trend- Pope Paul Ill 4th shade toward reform was to call a great council of hurt leaders to Trend.Catholic Bishops and Cardinals agree on several doctrines 1) church building interpretation of the rule book was final anyone who substituted in that respect ideas was a heretic 2) Christians need corporate trust and good works for redemption 3) The Bible and church building traditions were both a s powerful for guidance 4)luncheons were sensible expressions of creed Annul- Divorce was not allowed however the pontiff could annul the mirage which meaner to risk proof that the mirage was never legal in the first place Recant-to work back a statement you made about something Indulgence- you pay sportds for an indulgence and it will take away our sin Patron-Popes who beautified the cities by disbursal large amounts of money 95 thesis- Luther wrote 95 theses that he thought the church should change which lead to reformation- a movement for spectral reform. His teaching had 3 main ideas 1) People could win salvation by ONLY with faith in god, the church taught that faith and good workers were mandatory for salvation 2) altogether church teachings should be based on the bible.The pope and church traditions were spurious authorities 3) All population with faith were equal therefore slew didnt need priests to interpret the bible for them monastic order of Worms- world p ower Charles declared Luther of an shepherds crook and heretic, no one was supposed to give him food or shelter and his books were to be burned. However Prince Frederick gave him shelter in a fort and pack began to follow his sayings priests wore regular clothes and called themselves misters, led service in German not Latin and some ministers married, which created a new religious concourse called the Lutheran instead of seeking reforms against the Catholic church.Protestant- A Christian who is not Catholic Peace of Suburbs- German princes decided if there state would be catholic or rottenest function of Supremacy- English act of fan tan that recognised hydrogen VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England not the pope Anabaptist- Believed that people shouldnt be baptized into the Christian faith as children because they were not old enough to decide if they wanted to be Christian taught that the church and the state should be separate, and they refused to fight wars.V iewing Anabaptists as radicals who threatened nightspot both Catholics and Protestants persecuted them Peasants Revolt-peasants were excited by Lathers revolutionary ideas and demanded an end to serfdom. The revolt aff sound Luther so Luther wrote a pamphlet urging the German Princes to show no mercy, the army crushed the revolt massacring over 100,000 people. Feeling betrayed by Luther some(prenominal) peasants rejected his religious leadership.However through his writings he remained influential People Igniting of Loyola- Catholic reformer, wrote the Spiritual Exercises that laid out a day by day plan of meditation, prayer, and take in. The pope made Igniting a religious ordination called the Society of Jesus Members were called Jesuits- concentrated on 3 ideas 1) Founded schools throughout Europe. 2) veer non-Christians toCatholicism 2) Stop Protestantism from spreading Johann Gutenberg- Reinvented movable type and the printing press- machine that presses written report ag ainst a tray full of inked movable type created the first completed bible called the Gutenberg Bible Johann Tested- Was raising money to rebuild SST. Pewters Cathedral in Rome, he did this by selling indulgences, he gave the impression that by tainting indulgences you could buy your way to heaven Martin Luther Against Tested for selling indulgences Wrote 95 thesis assail Pardon Merchants Believed you can only when win salvation through faith and forgiveness of GodExcommunicated by Pope king of beasts X Charles V issued the Edict of Worms declaring Luther as a heretic, alone Prince Frederick sheltered him in a castle Translated the New Testament to German Lutheran were his followers John Calvin Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion which expressed ideas about God, salvation, and human nature Called the few people that God chooses to save the elect God has known since the beginning of duration who will be saved-predestination Calvinist Ruled Geneva, Switzerland with theocrac y (government ruled by religious leaders) Geneva was a city of high moral because of how strict he wasHenry VIII Married to Catherine of Argon and has a daughter named Mary but wants a divorce so he can have a son to be the heir to the throne Pope refused to annul his coupling so he called together a session with the reformation Parliament and asked to pass a set of laws that ended the popes power in England Act of Supremacy made the king the head of the Church of England, not the pope Closed monasteries and increased total power Anne had a daughter named Elizabeth so he imprisoned her in a tower and beheaded her third wife gave him his son, Edward ErasmusChristian humanist from Holland who wrote The Praise of Folly which made fun of greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests Believes in Christianity of the heart Wrote in Latin In order to improve society, all people should study the Bible Catherine of Argon- Married to Henry VII never had a son s o Henry wanted to annul the marriage at first the pope said no because she did not want to offend the dedicated Roman Empire Charles V but later after Henry VII put in the Act of Supremacy- Made the English king the head of church not the pope the marriage was annulled Pope Leo X- excommunicated Luther after 95 thesis Artists Donated- Made sculptures more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions carved the statue David Leonardo De Vinci- Artistic scientist, painted Mona Lisa and The finale Supper, A True spiritual rebirth Man Raphael- Learned from Leonardo De Vinci and Michelangelo, particoloured the walls of Julius II Library, Painted School of Athens, conveys the unsullied literature of the rebirth and shows classical and Renaissance figures together Michelangelo- Sculpted David second, glorified the human body and explored Renaissance theme of human potential, minted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Scientific artist, true Renaissance man Jan Van Check- Ita lian Renaissance, Oil-based Paintings very realistic Writers Machiavelli- Wrote The Prince which said a prince must(prenominal) be strong as a lion and shrewd as a fox, he might have to trick his enemys and even his own people for the good of the state, he was not concerned with the morally right but with the politically effective Castigation-published The Courtier with the help of Aviators Cologne Sir Thomas Moore- Christian Humanists, he was concerned with societys flaws, wrote Utopia about an imaginary land inhabited by a peace-loving people.In Greek Utopia meaner no place but in English it has come to mean ideal place because of Mores book free-spoken Perspective- AD art Vernacular- Native language Anglican- Anglican Church= only legal Church of England Elizabeth was head of Church Presbyterian-Followers of John Knox he was a preacher from Scotland whom spread the teaching of John Calvin and made Calvinist Scotland appointed religion Catholic reclamation- Helping Catholics re main loyal to the church Questions The Renaissance began in Italy because of thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome. England lagged behind because of the bubonic plague and the 100 years war.A perfect Renaissance Man- Charming, witty, well-educated, Dance, sing, institute music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman, self-controlled Federal vs.. gray Renaissance Art Northern Focused only on Religion about landscapes and the lifestyles of people Southern more secular Greek and Roman mythologies, about gods and goddesses Catholic Reformation took steps like having the Society of Jesus, Jesuits, and the Council of Trend to address the Protestant Reformation 4 movements that made up the Reformation . 3. 4. What changes did this bring to Europe? Of nix books- Institutes of Christian Religion- Index Sarandon- Patriarch- Velasquez- What city was the center of the Renaissance? Florence, Italy What type of art was the focus of the Renaissance?Realism (sometimes using Biblical scenes) The merchant family named Renaissance. Medici was important at the beginning of the Who led the split away from the Catholic Church in England? Henry VIII Why did England split from the church? The King wanted a male heir so he needed to divorce his wife What country did the Protestant reformation start in? Germany (Martin Luther in Wattenberg) How was the printing press crucial to Martin Luther? He could spread his beliefs more efficiently This movement resulted from the Protestant Reformation. It was an attempt to change the Catholic Church to better meet the needs of its followers. Catholic Reformation 1 .Reasons that the Renaissance originated on the Italian peninsula include all of the following EXCEPT the peninsulas A. geographic location B. Political organization C. Religion D. Social structure E. frugal structure 2. Which of the following is NOT a Renaissance value? A. triumph of ancient languages B. Derogate of t he arts C. Scholarly achievement D. Proficiency in the military arts E. Civic duty 3. Renaissance humanism A. libertine mastery of ancient languages B. Urged the development of a single talent to nonpareil C. Valued ancient philosophers as the final authorities on all matters D. Denied the existence of God E. Valued scholarship for its own sake and for the eminence it brought the city-state 4.The belief that by cultivating the finest qualities of their beings, human beings could commune with God was a terminal of A. Guileless B. Manipulations C. The lay morality movement D. The Catholic Church in Renaissance Italy E. The doge 5. Which of the following was NOT a factor that contributed to the Renaissance esthetical achievement? A. The patronage of the pope B. The invasion of Italy by the French C. The war-ridden spirit of competing elites D. The apprentice system E. The lack of separation between esthetical and commercial aspects of the Renaissance art world 6. Which of the f ollowing did NOT change the spread of the Renaissance? A. The Treaty of Load B.Manilas invitation to Charles VIII to bring process to Italy C. The printing press D. Students and teachers migrating in and out of the Italian peninsula E. The lay piety pavement 7. Renaissance art A. Was characterized by the severe specialization of its artists B. Was characterized by religious subject matter C. Abandoned painting in kick upstairs of sculpture D. Was characterized by its concern for the human form E. Did not convey patrons 8. Northern humanism A. Was less secular than Italian humanism B. think scholarship and learning with religious piety C. Criticized the notion that priests were required to record the Bible D. Contributed to the Reformation E. All of the above 1 .